What protection against freezing and undue warming is required?

When subjected to freezing temperatures all water fittings are at risk of fracturing, causing damage to property and a waste of water. To help prevent this it is essential any plumbing installation which might be exposed to cold conditions, including pipework laid at a depth of less than 750 mm, are adequately protected, typically by using insulation materials or trace heating.

Warm weather, exposure to sunlight and proximity to heat sources can lead to undue warming of cold water, which can often result in taste or water quality issues and customers leaving taps to run. The correct level of insulation should prevent water temperatures exceeding 20°C.

The acceptability of the methods of protection is dependent on a number of location specific factors, such as the type and size of water fitting, the likely water supply and air temperatures as well as demand flow. Manufacturers usually provide information about the appropriate thickness and thermal conductivity in their technical specifications. BS EN ISO 12241 and BS 5422 are another source of useful information.

Any systems not used during cold weather, such as seasonal irrigation systems should be isolated and drained down. Similarly, if a premises is to be left unoccupied and unheated during cold weather, for example a holiday home or caravan, the water supply should be turned off and plumbing system drained.

When installed in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions insulation may delay but not prevent freezing.